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Cervical cancer is related to infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV). The period between HPV infection and cancer detection varies widely, with estimates ranging between five and twenty-five years. Other major risk factors for precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix are age, sexual behaviour, smoking, socio-economic status and race.
There are many strains of HPV, only some of which can cause cancer. HPV strains 16 and 18 cause around 70 per cent of all cervical cancers. There is one vaccine (GARDASIL) which has been approved for use in Australia. This vaccine prevents infection from HPV strains 16 and 18 if individuals are vaccinated before they are infected with them.
Screening for cancer is also a very important way of preventing cancer. Currently, there is screening for cervical cancer through The National Cervical Screening Program [Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing].
Updated January 2008
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Pap Smears
HealthInsite Topic Page
Links to information about pap smears.
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| Title: |
Breast and cervical cancer screening in Australia 1996-1997
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| Publisher: |
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
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| Description: |
An extensive report summarising data from two hospital data collections maintained by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Statistics are presented on the resources, expenditure and revenue of public hospitals and on the services they provide as well as on characteristics and hospital care of admitted patients in both public and private hospitals. Also includes information on hospital performance indicators and analysis using the AN-DRG (casemix) classification.
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| Date: |
Oct 2001
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| Title: |
Cervical screening in Australia 1998-1999
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| Publisher: |
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
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| Description: |
The National Cervical Cancer Screening Program has developed a set of key performance indicators and outcome indicators to monitor program achievements. This publication is the third annual report of the program and presents data and analysis for 1998-99
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| Date: |
Dec 2002
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| Title: |
Cervical screening in Australia 1997-1998
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| Publisher: |
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
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| Description: |
The National Cervical Cancer Screening Program has developed a set of key performance indicators and outcome indicators to monitor program achievements. This publication is the second annual report of the program and presents data and analysis for 1997-98.
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| Date: |
Dec 2000
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| Title: |
Cervical screening in Australia 2002-2003
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| Publisher: |
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
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| Description: |
The report presents most recent information on participation in cervical screening, rate of early re-screening, low-grade and high-grade abnormalities detected, incidence of cervical cancer and mortality.
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| Date: |
Oct 2005
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| Title: |
Cervical screening in Australia 2003-2004
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| Publisher: |
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
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| Description: |
This is the eighth national report monitoring the performance of the National Cervical Screening Program using ten indicators which measure program activity, performance and outcome. These indicators help measure changes in disease patterns.
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| Date: |
Aug 2006
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| Title: |
Cancerscreening.gov.au
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| Publisher: |
Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing
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| Description: |
The Cancer Screening page provides information on the national screening programs for bowel cancer, breast cancer and cervical cancer: Bowel Cancer Screening Program, BreastScreen Australia, and the National Cervical Screening Program.
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| Date: |
Jul 2007
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| Title: |
Cervical Cancer
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| Publisher: |
HealthInsite Topic Page
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| Description: |
Links to information on prevention, treatment and risk factors for cervical cancer.
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| Date: |
Jun 2006
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| Title: |
Cervical cancer
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| Publisher: |
The Cancer Council Victoria
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| Description: |
Cervical cancer develops in stages. Pap tests are useful because they can detect abnormal cells that may become cancerous. Early detection allows treatment before cancer happens.
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| Date: |
Jan 2008
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| Title: |
Cervical cancer
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| Publisher: |
myDr
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| Description: |
Read about the risk factors and myths about cervical cancer.
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| Date: |
Mar 2001
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| Title: |
Cervical cancer vaccine
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| Publisher: |
Women's Health Queensland Wide Inc
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| Description: |
On 28 August 2006, a vaccine against the human papillomavirus (HPV), became available in Australia.
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| Date: |
Sep 2006
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| Title: |
HPV vaccine for school aged girls
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| Publisher: |
Women's Health Queensland Wide Inc
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| Description: |
A vaccine to prevent cervical cancer will be provided free to Australian women and girls aged 12 to 26 years of age. The vaccine, Gardisal? immunises against four types of the human papillomavirus (HPV); HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18.
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| Date: |
Mar 2007
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| Title: |
Interventions for reducing anxiety in women undergoing colposcopy
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| Publisher: |
John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. for The Cochrane Collaboration
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| Description: |
Colposcopy has been shown to be associated with high levels of anxiety, even higher than anxiety levels in women before surgery and similar to the anxiety levels in women following an abnormal screening test for fetal abnormalities. High levels of anxie...
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| Date: |
May 2007
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